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- $Unique_ID{BRK03497}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Aspartylglycosaminuria}
- $Subject{Aspartylglycosaminuria AGA Aspartylglucosaminuria AGU
- Mucopolysaccharidosis Pseudo-Hurler Polydystrophy I-Cell Disease}
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1992 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 918:
- Aspartylglycosaminuria
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible that the main title of the article (Aspartylglycosaminuria)
- is not the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYM listing to find the
- alternate names and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- AGA
- Aspartylglucosaminuria
- AGU
-
- Information on the following diseases can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Mucopolysaccharidosis
- Pseudo-Hurler Polydystrophy
- I-Cell Disease
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The Information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
- Aspartylglycosaminuria is a very rare genetic disorder that is found most
- commonly in persons of Finnish decent. However, it is also found in other
- heritages around the world. It is a lysosomal storage disease that becomes
- apparent after the infant is a few months old. Major symptoms may include
- coarse facial features, spine and eye deformities, behavior problems and
- mental retardation. The disorder is caused by an glycoprotein enzyme
- deficiency.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Aspartylglycosaminuria is a lysosomal storage disease characterized by normal
- development during the first months of life after which abnormal development
- begins to occur. Diarrhea and infections that keep reoccurring are noticed.
- After the first few years facial features begin to get coarse which continues
- during the following years. The skeleton may become deformed and the ocular
- lens may develop crystalline deposits. Mental deterioration may begin to
- occur after age five and behavior problems are common. Lung, heart and blood
- problems tend to occur in later years. The patient may show mental
- retardation uneven development of the head and face with sagging cheeks, a
- wide nose and broad face. The spine may be twisted (scoliosis) and the neck
- may be unusually short. Adult stature is usually below normal.
-
- Causes
-
- Aspartylglycosaminuria is a lysosomal storage disease. Lysosomes are cell
- particles containing enzymes that degrade large molecules. A deficiency of
- the lysosomal enzyme, aspartylglycosamidase, causes the accumulation of
- aspartylglucosamine which is stored throughout the body evidently resulting
- in disorders in the various body systems.
-
- This disorder is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. The gene
- responsible for this disorder is located on the long arm the 4th chromosome
- at 4q21. Persons of Finnish ancestry are most often affected by this
- disorder. However, Aspartylglycosaminuria can occur in people of all
- heritages.
-
- Human traits, including the classic genetic diseases, are the product of
- the interaction of two genes, one received from the father and one from the
- mother. In recessive disorders, the condition does not appear unless a
- person inherits the same defective gene from the same trait from each parent.
- If one receives one normal gene and one gene for the disease, the person will
- be a carrier for the disease, but usually will not show symptoms. The risk
- of transmitting the disease to the children of a couple, both of whom are
- carriers for a recessive disorder, is twenty-five percent. Fifty percent of
- their children will be carriers, but healthy as described above. Twenty-five
- percent of their children will receive both normal genes, one from each
- parent, and will be genetically normal.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Aspartylglycosaminuria is a rare disorder that affects males and females in
- equal numbers. However, in Finland where the majority of cases are reported,
- there are an estimated 130 cases in 4.5 million persons. In the rest of the
- world, the condition is extremely rare and affects persons of various
- heritages.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Symptoms of the following disorders can be similar to those of
- Aspartylglycosaminuria. Comparisons may be useful for a differential
- diagnosis:
-
- The Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are a group of hereditary lysosomal
- storage diseases. They are characterized by abnormal accumulation of
- mucopolysaccharides, especially in the cartilage and bones. These deposits
- are also found in the arteries, skeleton, eyes, joints, ears, skin and teeth.
- In general these disorders are progressive. The child may appear normal at
- birth and around the age of one begin to show signs of both growth and mental
- retardation. (For more information on this disorder, choose
- "Mucopolysaccharidoses" as your search term in the Rare Disease Database).
-
- Pseudo-Hurler Polydystrophy is an autosomal recessive inherited disorder
- characterized by onset in childhood, painless joint stiffness, decreased
- mobility, short stature, some coarseness of the facial features, mild mental
- retardation, evidence of multiple defective bone formations and aortic valve
- disease. (For more information on this disorder, choose "Pseudo-Hurler" as
- your search term in the Rare Disease Database).
-
- I-Cell Disease begins very early in life. By the age of six months
- children have begun to show symptoms such as coarse facial features, a long
- and narrow head, excessive hair growth, and a low forehead. They may also
- show severe skeletal changes and mental and physical retardation is common.
- (For more information on this disorder, choose "I-Cell" as your search term
- in the Rare Disease Database).
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Treatment of Aspartylglycosaminuria is symptomatic and supportive. Genetic
- counseling may be of benefit for families.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- Research on inborn errors of metabolism is ongoing. Scientists are studying
- the causes of these disorders and trying to design enzyme replacement
- therapies that will return a missing enzyme to the body. Enzyme replacement
- is currently difficult to accomplish because they tend to stay in the body
- for minutes instead of hours.
-
- The National Institutes of Health (NIH) is sponsoring the Human Genome
- Project which is aimed at mapping every gene in the human body and learning
- why they sometimes malfunction. It is hoped that this new knowledge will
- lead to prevention and treatment of genetic disorders in the future.
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- May 1992. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep
- every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate.
- Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most
- current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Aspartylglycosaminuria, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- NIH/National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive & Kidney Diseases
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 96-3583
-
- Research Trust for Metabolic Diseases in Children
- Golden Gates Lodge, Weston Road
- Crewe CW1 1XN, England
- (0270) 250244
-
- For Genetic Information and Genetic Counseling Referrals:
-
- March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
- 1275 Mamaroneck Avenue
- White Plains, NY 10605
- (914) 428-7100
-
- Alliance of Genetic Support Groups
- 35 Wisconsin Circle, Suite 440
- Chevy Chase, MD 20815
- (800) 336-GENE
- (301) 652-5553
-
- References
-
- MENDELIAN INHERITANCE IN MAN, 9th Ed.: Victor A. McKusick, Editor: Johns
- Hopkins University Press, 1990. Pp. 1047
-
- THE METABOLIC BASIS OF INHERITED DISEASE, 6th Ed.: Charles R. Scriver, et
- al., Editors; McGraw Hill, 1989. Pp. 1608-1616.
-
- BIRTH DEFECTS ENCYCLOPEDIA, Mary Louise Buyse, M.D., Editor-In-Chief;
- Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1990. Pp. 198-199.
-
- ASPARTYLGLYCOSAMINURIA IN A NON-FINNISH PATIENT CAUSED BY A DONOR SPLICE
- MUTATION THE GLYCOASPARAGINASE GENE., I. Mononen, et al.; J Biol Chem,
- February 15, 1992, (issue 267 (5)). Pp. 3196-3199.
-
- HIGH PREVALENCE OF ASPARTYLGLYCOSAMINURIA AMONG SCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN IN
- EASTERN FINLAND., T. Mononen, et al.; Hum Genet, July, 1991, (issue 87 (3) ).
- Pp. 266-268.
-
- TWO JAPANESE CASES WITH ASPARTYLGLYCOSAMINURIA: CLINICAL AND
- MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES., K. Yoshida, et al.; Clin Genet, October, 1991,
- (issue 40 (4)). Pp. 318-325.
-
- ASPARTYLGLYCOSAMINURIA IN THE FINNISH POPULATION: IDENTIFICATION OF TWO
- POINT MUTATIONS IN THE HEAVY CHAIN OF GLYCOASPARAGINASE., I. Mononen, et al.;
- Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, April 1, 1991, (issue 88 (7)). Pp. 2941-2945.
-
-